Typographical machine.



D. S. KENNEDY.

TYPOGRAPHICAL MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT-28.1915.

Patented Dec. 24, 1918.

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D. S. KENNEDY.

TYPOGRAPHICAL MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT-28, l9l5.

Patented Dec. 24, 1918.

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TYPOGRAPHICAL MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 28. 1915.

Patented TM. 94, 1918.

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D. S. KENNEDY.

TYPOGRAPHICAL MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT-28.1915.

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Patented Dec. 24, 1918.

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DAVID S. NEDY, 0F BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO MERGENTHALEB LINOTYIIPE COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

TYPOGRAPHICAL MACHINE.

Application filed September 28, 1915.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, DAVID S. KENNEDr,"

chines, such as linotype machines of the general organization represented in U. S. Letters Patent to O. Mergenthaler, No. 36,582, wherein circulating matrices are released from a magazine in the order in which their characters are to appear in print and then assembled in line, the composed line transferred to the face of a mold, the mold filled with molten metal to form a slug or linotype against the matrices which produce the type characters thereon, and the matrices thereafter returned through distributing mechanism to the magazine from which they started. More particularly, it relates to machines equipped with a plurality of magazines containing matrices of different style or font, any selected one of which may be brought into action at will.

My present invention is directed to various improvements which are especially applicable to the kind of machine covered by my prior Hatters Patent Nos. 1,126,029; 1,126,030; 1,193,558; and 1,193,559, although they may be applied to other classes of ma: chines as well. In the accompanying drawings, l have shown m improvements merely in preferred form and by way of example, and obviously many changes and variations may be made therein and in their mode of application which will still be comprised within the spirit of my invention. Generally speaking, I desire it to be understood that I do not limit myself to any specific form or embodiment, except in so far as such limitations are specified in the claims.

Referring to the drawings:

Figure it is a. side elevation of a portion of a linotype machine having my improvements embodied therein;

' Fig. l is a similar view, looking from the opposite side of the machine, of the lower ends of the magazines and the cooperating assembling mechanism;

Specification of Letters Ifatent.

lPatented Dec. 241, 1918.

Serial No. 52,999.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged view in side elevation of the lower part of the magazines, showing one of them in process of removal;

Fig. 2 is a detail;

Fig. 2 is a section taken on line 2 -2 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 3 is a view similarto Fig. 2, show- 1ng a different magazine in process of removal;

Fig. 4 is a section taken on the line -i of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a section taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. 3

' shown in Fig. 1, the distributing mechanism and keyboard being omitted.

The matrices X are stored according to font in one or the other of the magazines B, only two of which are shown herein, but

of which a greater number might be employed if desired. The matrices are released from thcir corresponding magazine by the escapen'ients C and pass through one or the other of the throats D into the vertical channeled raceway D, whence they are carried to the assembler and composed in line. The composed line is then presented in the usual manner to the casting mechanism for the production of the slug and thereafter the matrices are carried upward and delivered to the font separator E, which assorts them according to font and drops them into one or the other of the tubes F, leading to the distributingmechanism E whereby they are separated according to character and returned through the channel entrances F to the proper channels of the magazine from which they started. The parts so far described, except as hereinafter pointed out, are, or may be, of any appropriate or well-known construction. such as that employed in the commercial Model 9 linotype.

The magazines B are mounted upon their customary base frames and are held in B fast upon a rock shaft B journaled in the framework and provided with an operating handle B (see particularly Fig. 9). As thus supported, the lower base frame may be raised and lowered so as to carry its magazine toward and from the overlying magazine. The purpose of this arrangement will be pointed out subsequently.

The escapements C are of the usual construction, each comprising a rocking lever and a pair of pawls which are projected alternately thereby into the corresponding magazine channel to control the release of the matrices. The escapements for each magazine are supported in series in a bar or frame G which is pivotally connected, as at C, to the corresponding ba'se frame B, to allow the escapements to be swung into and out of operative relation to the magazine at will to permit its independent removal or replacement. The escapements are held in operative relation to their magazine by a pair of hooks C connected to the opposite sides of the supporting frame C and adapted to engage over pins B projecting from the forward ends of blocks B attached to the opposite sides of the magazine. It is merely necessary, therefore, to disengage the hooks C from the pins B to permit the downward swinging of the escapements. It-

will be apparent, however, that when the escapements are moved out of operative relation to the magazine, the contained matrices would be free to pass therefrom unless they were first locked therein. Device are therefore provided to prevent the disengagement of the hooks C 9 until the matrices have been locked in the magazine. In the present instance (see Figs. 3, 4 and 5), such devices comprise sliding blocks B supported and guided in recesses B in the blocks B and provided at their forward ends with looking pins B", which are adapted to engage in holes or apertures in the side faces of the hooks C, such engagement of the locking pins being effected by springs 13 acting upon the rear edges of the blocks B and tending constantly to press them forwardly. The disengagement of the locking pins B from the hooks (1 is effected by the usual matrix locking bar 13, which is inserted through the edge of the magazine in the customary manner. In order that it may perform its new function, the bar is provided at its opposite ends with two inclined or cam Both of surfaces B, which are arranged to engage corresponding surfaces B on the blocks B, so that as the bar is pushed home the blocks are moved to the rear against the action of the springs B and caused to Withdraw the locking pins B from the hooks C. In this way, it becomes impossible to disengage the escapements from the magazine until the matrices have first been locked therein.

Owing to the close arrangement of the magazines, they will need to be separated from each other in order to permit the downwardswinging of the escapements for the upper magazine when the latter is to be removed, and it thus becomes apparent why the lower magazine is arranged to be moved toward and from the upper one as before described. Fig. 2 illustrates the position of the parts when the upper magazine is in course of removal. Here it will be seen that the under magazine has been lowered by the operation of the handle B and that the escapements have been moved downwardly out of operative relation to the upper magazine, the latter being shown in its partly withdrawn position and as supported upon the usual arms R attached'to pins R on opposite sides of the framework. In removing the .lower magazine, it isunnecessary to disturb the position of its base frame, as there is suflicient space beneath it to permit the downward swinging of the escape-. ments without interference, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 3.

The operation of the escapements will next be described. Referring to Fig. 6, it will be noted that the escapements of both magazines are controlled by a single series of actuating members C formed with rearward projections C overlying the outer arms of small levers C, pivoted to the escapement supporting frame C and which, under the influence of the members C act to rock the corresponding escapements of the two magazines simultaneously in one direction against the action of the springs C tending to rock them inthe opposite direction. Attached to the lower ends of the actuating members C are springs C pulling downwardly thereon from a relatively fixed part of the machine and of suflicient strength to overcome the action of the springs C so as to hold the lowermost pawls of the escapements in engagement with the leading matrices in the magazine, which are .thus prevented from escaping therefrom.

To permit the release of such matrices, therefore, it is necessary to raise the actuat-, ing members C against the actions of their spring C when the lighter springs C will be allowed to act; and this movement of the actuating members is effected by pivoted levers C engaging beneath projections C thereon and arranged to be rocked upwardly by vertically guided rods C operacross the lever and holds it depressed with Since the actuating members C controlthe escapements of the two magazines, their operation would result in the release of matrices from both at the same time were other means not provided. Each series of escapements is therefore equipped with the well known transverse rock shaft H which is rotatably mounted in the supportingframe G and arranged in proximity to the rear ends of the escapement levers, the shaft being cut away or recessed in the usual way so that in one position it will lock the escapements against operation, while in another position it will permit their operation. As in my prior patents and applications, mechanism is provided whereby the move: ment of one of these rock shafts to inactive position will return the other to its active position, and thus permit the matrices to be released from one magazine only at a time. The mechanism herein shown is quite similar to that previously employed, consisting of short studs H (Fig. 9) connected at one end to the rock shafts by tongue and grooves H and provided at their opposite ends with crank arms H pivoted to vertically guided rods H, which latter are connected at their lower ends to-pivoted levers H operated through the medium of rods H by cam yokes H controlled in the usual way by ma azine selecting keys H disposed alongslde the main keyboard C The rods H are constantly urged upward to move their rock shafts to locking position by springs H and are held down against the action of the springs by hooks H projecting. upwardly from the locking plate H and adapted to engage over the rear arms of the levers H when they are rocked downward by the actuation of the corresponding keys. The locking plate H is normally held toward the right in Fig. 8 by the spring H with the inclined ends of its hooks H in the path of the levers H", so that as one or the other is rocked downward, it displaces the locking plate toward the left and passes beyond the correspondinghook which then immediately snaps the connected rock shaft in unlocking position. it will be noted that the displacement of the locking plate by one of the levers H releases the other, if the latter had previously been locked down, and consequently permits the connected rock shaft to be returned to its locking position by the spring H In other words, the arrangement is such that the alternate actuation of the two keys H effects the locking and unlocking of the matrices in first one magazine and then the other alternately, so that the matrices may be released from only one of them at a time, and that one corresponding to the particular key last actuated. As before stated,.the mechanism is practically the same as that shown in my prior patents and reference may be had to them for a fuller understanding if necessary. It should be noted, however, that in the present instance the magazine selecting devices are mounted in the machine frame, and that the relative arrangement of the rock shafts H and their operating studs H has been altered in view of the present mounting of the escapements C which, instead of being attached directly to the magazine as before, are now attached to the .magazine base frames so as to be movable into and out of operative relation to the magazine. For this reason, the tongue and groove connections H are so disposed that when the parts are in normal position, the rock shafts H and studs H may be automatically connected and disconnected as the escapements of the corresponding magazine are swung into and out of operative position, respectively.

It may be mentioned that the location .of the magazine selecting devices in the machine frame is advantageous for a. variety of reasons, and particularly as it avoids the constant connection and disconnection of the parts due to the swinging of the supporting frame G, and furthermore it permits the use of the power driven operating devices already described which it would be inconvenient to locate upon the swinging frame.

Since this connection and disconnection ,of the rock shafts H involves their location in normal or locking position, and for other reasons, it becomes desirable to provide means to insure this relation before an attempt is made to move the escapements from their operative position. In this connection it will be noted that, as in my prior patents, the channel raceway D and its throats D as well as the escapement actuating members C and other parts, are all mounted upon the frame G which is pivoted as at G to the machine frame so as to be swung outwardly away from the magazines to permit their removal and togive access to the interior parts. lln my prior Letters Patent No. 1,193,559, means are shown and described whereby this swinging of the frame G cannot be eflected until all the rock shafts H have been restored to their active position, these means consisting of connections between the locking means for the swinging frame and the locking plate H, such that the unlocking of the frame results in the movement of the locking plate to inactive position to permit the rock shafts to be restored to their normal or looking position by their respective springs. In the present instance, the connections just referred to consist of a long lever H connected to the locking plate H and fast to the rear end of a fore and aft rock shaft H mounted in the machine frame and which is provided at its opposite end with an arm H arranged in position to be engaged by an arm H secured to one end of a cam bar H rotatably mounted in the frame G. At its opposite end, (see Fig. 1 the cam bar H is provided with an arm H connected by means of a long link H to a crank arm H fast to the stub shaft on which is mounted an operating handle H provided with a cam or eccentric H adapted to engage a part of the fixed machine frame and lock the swinging frame G in operative position. The lever H is normally urged toward the left (Fig. 8) by a. spring H which is of sufiicient strength to overcome the antagonistic spring H of the locking plate H and to move the latter to unlocking position. Normally, however, the lever H is held toward the right by the cam bar H through the intermediate connections described, so that the spring H is not allowed to act, but when the cam bar is rotated by the unlocking of the frame G which is effected by moving the handle H forwardly its connections with the lever H are broken and the latter therefore, under the influence of its spring H, is caused to move the locking plate H to inactive position. The effect of this arrangement is that either rock shaft H which may be standing in inactive position at the time will be re stored to active position before the frame G can be swung outward.

It is pointed out that the above arrangement of the cam bar H and the lever H (which are mounted in the swinging frame G and the machine frame respectively) is such that they are automatically connected and disconnected as the frame G is moved to and from its operative position, the arms H and H being detachably engaged for this purpose.

It is pointed out. that the cam bar If, above referred to, differs from that-shown in my prior Patent No. 1,193,559 in the respect that it is so shaped and arranged as to raise the entire series of escapement actuating members C instead of depressing them, as in the application. This alteration is due to the difierent manner of operation of the escapements C, it being noted that as before described the actuating members, instead of engaging directly with the escapements, 0perate them through the medium of the small pivoted levers C. As shown in Fig. 6, the cam bar underlies a series of projections C on the actuating members C so that by its upward rotation it will lift the entire series of members relatively to the frame G in order to locate their projections C above the pivoted levers C and thus provide ample clearance between these parts as the frame is swung to and from its operative position. The present improvement, therefore, is directed to the feature of lifting the series of escapement actuating members as the frame G is unlocked and permitting their return to normal position as the frame is locked or re-locked.

It should also be noted that such opera-- tion of the cam bar H through its connection with the lever H restores thelocking' rock shafts H to their normal or active position, this being necessary to prevent the escape of the matrices from the magazine when the actuating members G are raised or disconnected from the escapements preparatory to the outward movement of the frame G.

Means are also provided to hold the rock shafts H in their locking position after they have been disengaged from their operating studs H and such means are preferably controlled automatically by the movement of the escapements into and out of operative position. As illustrated in Figs. 2* and 2", these means comprise a spring-pressed plunger'h located in a recess in each escapement supporting bar C and adapted to enter a notch in a collar H of the corresponding rock shaft H. The plunger has a rearwardly' projecting pin it, adapted to engage and cooperate with an inclined surface 6 formed on a late 12 attached to the side of the magazine ase frame B. The arrangement of the parts is such that when the bank of escapements is swung downwardly, the pin it travels along the inclined surface 1) andpermits the plunger h to be moved outwardly by its spring into the notch of the collar H and .when the bank of escapements is swung upwardly, the pin is fo ced inwardly by its engagement with the cam surface and thus withdraws the plunger from the notch of .7

ity to injury or fracture of the contiguous parts. To avoid this liability, means are provided to prevent the movement of the lower magazine until the frame G has been swung outwardly from its operative position. Such means may be of any desired construction, but the arrangement herein shown is preferred, consisting of a spring pressed pin B which is adapted to engage in a recess in the rock shaft B when the latter is in its normal position. Instead of providing connections between this pin and the frame G, it has been found to be practicable to locate it in the machine in such position thatit will be inaccessible to the operator until the frame G has been moved outward. In this way, the rotation of the shaft B is prevented at all times except when the frame G is in its abnormal position when the assembling devices and other parts are removed from the magazines.

While, as above described, the arrange ment of the parts is such that the unlocking of matrices in one magazine effects the locking of matrices in the other magazine as controlled by the alternate actuation of the finger keys H it might happen that the operator would strike both keys at the same tim which would result in unlocking the matrices in both magazines and the consequent delivery of matrices from both when the regular keyboard is manipulated. To avoid this liability, there is provided a rocking plate H (Fig. 6 pivoted between the two keys H with portions underlying each and having its pivotal point so located as to prevent the depression of both keys at'the same time.

\ As in my previous patents, there is provideda cover flap J to close the passage between the lower throat D and-the raceway I) when the upper magazine is in use, so thatthe matrices therefrom may pass down into the raceway without interference, this flap being connected to the selecting devices for the lower magazine so as tobe moved to active and inactive position as such magazine is rendered inoperative and operative respectively. In the present instance, however, the connections between the cover flap and the actuating devices have been altered to accord with the new conditions herein. As shown particularly in Fig. 6, the flap is fixed to a rock shaft J journaled in the frame G and provided at one end with a crank arm .I having a roller arranged in engagement with the outer end of a sliding plate J also carried by the frame G-and whose opposite end bears against a roller secured to a crank arm H attached to the inner end of the stud H which is connected to the rock shaft H for the lower magazine. A spring J attached to the frame G- tends constantly to hold the flap in its closed position. As a result of this arrangement the rotation of the rock shaft H belonging to the lower magazine to locking and unlocking position effects the closing and opening of the flap J therewith. noted that due to the free connection of the slide J with the crank arm H the frame G may be swung outward without interference, and further that the spring J will automatically close the flap if it should be open at the tim of swinging of the frame.

It wvill also be' Having thus described my invention, its construction and mode of operation, what I claim and. desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is as follows 1. In a typographical machine, the combination of two superposed magazines, a base frame for each, and a series of es capements pivoted to each supporting frame so as to be swung downward out of operative relation to the corresponding magazine, the upper base frame being supported in fixed position in the machine frame and the lower magazine being arranged therein so as to be movable downwardly away from the other to permit the downward swinging of the escapements for the upper magazine.

2. In a typographical machine, the combination of two superposed magazines arranged in close proximity to each other, and a series of escapements for each magazine, the escapements of the upper magazine being movable at will out of operative relation thereto, and the lower magazine being mounted so as to be movable away from the upper magazine to permit such movement of its escapements.

3. In a typographical machine, the combination of two superposed magazines arranged in close proximity to each other and each having a series of escapements, and base frames upon which the magazines are supported, the escapements for the upper magazine being pivotally connected to its base frame so as to be swung downwardly out of operative relation to the magazine,

and the base frame for the lower magazine being pivotally mounted-at its upper end so as to carry said magazine downwardly. away from the upper magazine to permit the swinging movement of the escapements of the latter.

4. In a typographical machine, the combination of two superposed magazines arranged in close proximity to each other, base frameson which the magazines are supported, the base frame for the lower magazine being pivoted at its upper end so as to be capable of an independent rocking movement toward and from the upper magazine, and means for effecting such rocking movements of the base frame, said means comprising a pair of cams arranged in engagement with the lower end of the base frame, a transverse rock shaft whereon the cams are mounted, and an operating handle fast to the rock shaft.

5. A structure as specified in claim 4, in combination with a locking detent to hold the rock shaft therein referred to in its normal position.

6. In a typographical machine, the combination of a plurality of magazines, assembling devices movable into and out of open ative relation thereto, manually operable dcvices for separating the magazines, and means to prevent the operation of said devices When the assembling devices are in operative relation to the magazines.

7. The magazine B provided With the block B having the projecting pin 13, and the sliding plate B supported in the block B and provided with the looking pin 13".

8. The magazine B provided with the block B having the projecting pin B, and the sliding plate B supported in the block B and provided with the locking pin B and having the bevel-surface B 1 9. In a typographical machine, the combination of a magazine provided with the block B having the projecting pin B, the I 8 'escapement supporting frame sustaining hook C adapted to engage the having the pin 13, and means for holding the sustaining hook in engagement with the pin, said means adapted to be released by the insertion of a matrix locking bar in the magazine.

10. In a typographical machine, the combination of a magazine to contain the matrices and provided with the block B having the projecting pin B", means for locking the matrices in the magazine, the escapement supporting frame C having the sustaining hook C to engage with the pin B, and means to prevent the disengagement of the hook from the pin until the matrices have been locked in the magazine.

11; In a typographical machine, the combination of a magazine, an escapement supporting frame having a sustaining hook to engage a part of the magazine, a locking plate carried by the magazine to engage the 00k directly and prevent its detachment from the magazine, and a matrix retaining device to engage the locking plate and shift it to inactive position.

12. In a typographical machine, the combination of a magazine, a series of escape ments therefor, means for holding the escapements in operative relation to the magazine, locking means cooperating directly with the holding means to prevent their dis engagement from the magazine, and a matrix locking device to release said locking means directly.

13. In a typographical 1nachine,-the combination of a magazine, an escapement supporting frame having a snstaining'hook to engage a part of the magazine, a locking plate to engage the hook directly and prevent its detachment from the magazine, and a matrix retaining device to engage the locking plate and shift it to inactive position.

14. In a typographical machine, the com bination of a magazine, a pivoted escapement frame, a sustaining arm pivoted to the escapement-frame and adapted to engage a part of the magazine, a spring actuated locking plate to engage the arm directly and prevent its pivotal movement, and a matrix locking device adapted to shift the locking plate to inactive position.

15. In a typographical machine, the combination .of a magazine, a series of escapements pivotally supported independently of the magazine so as to be swung into and out of operative relation thereto, a rotary shaft to lock the escapements against action, and automatic means for holding the shaft against rotation when the escapements are swung out of operative relation to the magazine.

16. In a typographical machine, the combination of a magazine, a bank of escapements pivotally supported independently of the magazine so as to be swung into and out of operative relation thereto, a rotary shaft to lock the escapements against action, and automatic means to lock and unlock the shaft as the escapements are swung out of and into operative relation to the magazine.

17. In a typographical machine, the combination with a magazine and its base frame, of a bank of escapements pivoted to the base frame so as to be swung into and out of operative relation-to the magazine, a r0- tary shaft to hold the escapements againstaction, and automatic means to lock and unlock the shaft, said means comprising the spring actuated detent h and the controlling cam plate Z) fixed to the base frame.

18. In a typographical machine, the combination of a magazine having a series of escapements movable into and out of operative relation thereto, a locking rock shaft movable with the escapements, and an operating device for the rock shaft, the said parts being relatively formed so asto be automatically connected and disconnected as the escapements are moved in and out of operative relation to the magazine.

19. In a typographical machine, the combination of a plurality of magazines, a movable supporting frame carrying the assembling mechanism, a series of independently operable magazine-selecting devices mounted independently of the frame, means for locking the selecting devices in their operated position, and automatic mechanism for releasing said devices when the supporting frame is moved from its operative position. I

20. In a typographical machine, the combination of a plurality of magazines, a movable supporting frame carrying the assembling mechanism,a series of independently operable magazine-selecting devices'mounted independently of the frame, and automatic mechanism for restoring the selecting devices to-their normal position when the supporting frame is moved from its operative position,

21. In a typographical machine, the combination of a plurality of magazlnes, a movable supporting frame carrying the assembling mechanism, a series of 1ndependently operable magazine-selecting devices mounted independently of. the frame, and automatic mechanism for restoring the selecting devices to their normal position'when the frame is moved, the said mechanism including devices mounted partly in the supporting frame and partly in the machme frame and arranged to be automatically connected and disconnected as the supporting frame is moved to and from its operative position.

22. In a typographical machine, the combination of a plurality of magazines, a movable supporting frame carrying the assembling mechanism, a series of independently operable magazine-selecting devices mounted independently of the frame, means for locking the selecting devices in their operated position, and automatic mechanism for releasing said devices when the frame is moved, the said mechanism including devices mounted partly in the supporting frame and partly in the machine frame and adapted to be automatically connected and disconnected as the .supporting frame is moved toand from its operative position.

23. In a typographical machine, the combination of a plurality of magazines, a movable supporting frame carrying the assembling mechanism, a series of independently operable magazine-selecting devices'mounted independently of the supporting frame, a movable locking plate for holding the select ing devices in their operated position, and automatic mechanism for releasing the selecting devices when the frame is moved, the said mechanism including the cam bar H carried by the supporting frame and the lever H controlled thereby and pivoted in the machine frame and connected to the locking plate.

21 In a typographical machine, the combination of a plurality of magazines, a channeled raceway having a throat to register with one of the magazines and provided with a movable flap to open and close the passage between the throat and raceway, a movable supporting frame for the raceway, and means for operating the flap, the said means including devices mounted in part in the supporting frame and in part in the machine frame and arranged to be automatically connected and disconnected as the supporting frame is moved to and from its operative position.

25. In a typographical machine, the combination with a plurality of magazines, escapement mechanism for all of the magaeluding devices mounted partly in the sup- 2 porting frame and partly in the machine frame and adapted to be automatically connected and disconnected as the supporting frame is moved to and from its operative position.

26. In a typographical machine, the combination with a plurality of magazines each having a matrix locking device, escapement mechanism for the magazines, a single series of actuating members connected to the escapement mechanism, and a movable supporting frame for the actuating members, of means for shifting the actuating members relatively to the supporting frame to break their operative connection with the escapement mechanism, and devices operated by said shifting means for restoring the matrix locking devicesto active position, the said shifting means and restoring devices being mounted in the movable supporting frame and the machine frame respectively, and adapted to be connected and disconnected as the supporting frame is moved to and from its operative position.

27 In a typographical machine, the combination with a plurality of magazines, escapement mechanism for all the magazines, a single series of actuating members connected to the escapement mechanism, and a movable supporting frame carrying the actuating members, of matrix locking de vices one'for each magazine, means mounted in the machine frame whereby the movement of one of said locking devices to inactive position effects the return of another to active position, and mechanism for disconnecting the escapement mechanism and its actuating DAVID s. KENNEDY.

, Witnesses:

ALFRED W. F. GUEST, L. E. MORRISON. 

